täisvarjutuste

Täisvarjutuste, also known as total eclipses, are astronomical events where one celestial body completely obscures another from the viewpoint of an observer on Earth. These phenomena occur most commonly with the Sun and Moon, resulting in either a total solar eclipse or a total lunar eclipse, depending on the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth.

A total solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface. The central region of this shadow, known as the umbra, experiences totality, where the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon. This creates a dramatic effect, turning daylight into near-darkness for a few minutes, allowing the Sun’s corona—a faint outer atmosphere—to become visible. Total solar eclipses are rare and only visible from specific locations along a narrow path on Earth’s surface.

In contrast, a total lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon. Unlike solar eclipses, total lunar eclipses are visible from anywhere on Earth where the Moon is above the horizon. During this event, the Moon often takes on a reddish hue due to Earth’s atmosphere scattering sunlight, a phenomenon known as a "blood moon."

Both types of eclipses follow predictable patterns based on the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. While solar eclipses are brief and localized, lunar eclipses can last up to several hours and are more widely observable. Eclipses have historically played significant roles in astronomy, culture, and science, offering insights into celestial mechanics and inspiring study and observation.