typpihaposta

Typpihappo, also known as nitric acid, is a highly corrosive mineral acid with the chemical formula HNO3. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that fumes in air, producing a pungent odor. Pure nitric acid is colorless, but impurities often give it a yellow cast.

Historically, typpihappo was produced by distilling saltpeter (potassium nitrate) with sulfuric acid. Modern industrial production primarily uses the Ostwald process, which involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Ammonia is first oxidized to nitrogen monoxide, which is then further oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. Finally, nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to form nitric acid.

Typpihappo is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts with many organic and inorganic compounds. It is a key reagent in the production of fertilizers, explosives such as nitroglycerin and TNT, and nylon. It is also used in metal etching, ore processing, and as a component in rocket propellants. Its corrosive nature necessitates careful handling and storage in appropriate containers, typically glass or specialized alloys. In laboratory settings, it is a common reagent for various chemical reactions and analytical procedures.