tunnelboring
Tunnelboring is a method of excavating tunnels using specialized equipment, primarily tunnel boring machines (TBMs), to create underground passages for transportation, utilities, and other infrastructure. It is widely used for urban subway tunnels, road tunnels, water and wastewater conduits, and mining-related works.
The most common equipment is the tunnel boring machine, which consists of a rotating cutterhead at the
The process involves the TBM advancing through the ground while maintaining support to prevent collapse. Excavated
Advantages include continuous excavation with minimal surface disruption, smooth tunnel walls, and suitability for long or
Environmental and safety considerations cover groundwater management, spoil handling, noise and vibration control, and monitoring of