tuningu

Tuning is a broad term encompassing modifications made to a vehicle to enhance its performance, aesthetics, or both. These modifications can range from simple bolt-on parts to extensive engine rebuilds and custom fabrication. The primary goals of tuning often include increasing horsepower and torque, improving handling and braking, or achieving a desired visual style.

Performance tuning commonly involves engine modifications such as upgrading the exhaust system, intake, turbocharger, or fuel system. Electronic control unit (ECU) remapping, often referred to as "chipping," is another popular method to optimize engine parameters for increased power. Suspension upgrades, including coilovers, stiffer springs, and anti-roll bars, aim to improve cornering ability and reduce body roll. Braking systems may also be enhanced with larger rotors, performance pads, and upgraded calipers to provide better stopping power.

Aesthetic tuning focuses on the visual appeal of a vehicle. This can include body kits, custom paint jobs, spoilers, larger wheels, and lowered suspension. Interior modifications may involve sport seats, custom steering wheels, and upgraded audio systems. The concept of "stance" refers to a particular aesthetic achieved through aggressive wheel fitment, lowered ride height, and often negative camber.

The legality and practicality of tuning vary significantly by region and the specific modifications made. Some modifications may be illegal for road use due to emissions regulations or safety concerns. Owners often engage in tuning as a hobby, participating in track days, car shows, or drag racing to showcase and test their modified vehicles.