tumorképzdéshez

Tumorképződés, also known as tumorigenesis or carcinogenesis, refers to the complex process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. This transformation is not a single event but rather a multistep progression involving the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations within a cell's DNA. These changes disrupt the normal mechanisms that regulate cell growth, division, and death, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

Key drivers of tumorképződés include mutations in genes that control cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell signaling pathways. Oncogenes, which promote cell growth, can become abnormally activated, while tumor suppressor genes, which inhibit growth and promote apoptosis (programmed cell death), can become inactivated. Environmental factors such as exposure to carcinogens (e.g., tobacco smoke, UV radiation, certain chemicals) and infectious agents can also induce these genetic changes. Furthermore, chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances can create a microenvironment that favors tumor development.

The progression of tumorképződés involves several stages, often characterized by increasing cellular abnormalities, invasiveness, and the ability to metastasize (spread to other parts of the body). This intricate process is a fundamental area of study in cancer biology, with ongoing research aimed at understanding its mechanisms to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.