tumorkimutatásra

Tumorkimutatásra, also known as tumor mutation burden (TMB), refers to the total number of mutations within the tumor genome. It is a measure of the number of genetic alterations present in a cancer cell that are not found in the normal somatic cells of the body. These mutations can arise spontaneously during cell division or be caused by environmental factors like UV radiation or carcinogens. High TMB is often associated with a greater likelihood of developing cancer, as a higher number of mutations increases the chance of acquiring those that drive uncontrolled cell growth.

The concept of TMB has become increasingly important in cancer research and treatment. Tumors with a high TMB are often more immunogenic, meaning they are more likely to be recognized and attacked by the patient's immune system. This is because the mutations can lead to the production of abnormal proteins, or neoantigens, that are presented on the surface of cancer cells. The immune system can then target these neoantigens, potentially leading to a more robust anti-tumor response.

Consequently, TMB is being investigated as a predictive biomarker for response to certain cancer therapies, particularly immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors. Patients with high TMB tumors may be more likely to benefit from these treatments. However, TMB is not the sole determinant of treatment response, and other factors, such as the specific types of mutations and the tumor microenvironment, also play a significant role. Research is ongoing to refine the understanding and application of TMB in clinical practice.