tukivoimat
Tukivoimat, literally meaning “supporting forces,” are the reaction forces exerted by constraints on a structure to maintain static equilibrium. They arise at supports, joints, or contact surfaces and balance external loads and, in dynamic analyses, inertial effects. In idealized models they can act in directions allowed by the constraint and may include normal contact forces, friction, and, for fixed connections, reaction moments.
Tukivoimat originate from constraint conditions imposed on a body or structure. They prevent motion at contacts,
- Normal reaction forces: perpendicular to contact surfaces, common at supports and rollers.
- Friction forces: parallel to contact surfaces, opposing potential slip.
- Pin or hinge reactions: force components at joints that constrain translation.
- Reaction moments: rotational constraints at fixed supports or rigid joints.
- Additional constraint forces: arise in more complex or overconstrained systems.
In statics, tukivoimat are found from equilibrium conditions: sum of all horizontal and vertical forces equals
Tukivoimat are a fundamental concept in structural and mechanical engineering, used to analyze beams, frames, machines,