tuberosum

Solanum tuberosum, commonly known as the potato, is a plant species in the nightshade family grown for its edible tubers. It is a tuberous crop typically cultivated as an annual, though it is a perennial in its native habitat.

Taxonomy and origin: It belongs to the genus Solanum. It is native to the Andean region of western South America, where cultivated tubers and wild relatives occur. After introduction to Europe in the 16th century, the potato spread worldwide and became a staple food in many cuisines.

Description: The plant is an herbaceous member of the nightshade family with green stems, compound leaves, and small white to purple flowers. Underground, swollen stolons give rise to tubers—the edible storage organs that vary in size and skin color.

Cultivation and uses: Potatoes are propagated from seed tubers or pieces of tuber. They prefer cool climates, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture. Cropping cycles range from about 70 to 120 days. They are widely processed for fresh consumption, chips, fries, and starch; used in animal feed and various industrial applications.

Nutrition and safety: Potatoes are a carbohydrate-rich food providing energy, with modest amounts of protein, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and potassium. Green skin and sprouts contain solanine, a toxic compound; store in a cool, dark place and remove any green or sprouted portions before eating.