trombofiliaksi

Trombofilia is a condition that increases a person's risk of developing blood clots. These clots can form in veins, a condition known as venous thromboembolism (VTE), or in arteries, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. Trombofilia can be inherited, meaning it is passed down through families, or it can be acquired during a person's lifetime due to certain medical conditions or lifestyle factors.

Inherited thrombofilias are often caused by genetic mutations that affect the proteins involved in blood clotting. Common inherited forms include Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in natural anticoagulants like antithrombin, protein C, or protein S. Acquired thrombofilias can arise from conditions such as cancer, pregnancy, prolonged immobility, surgery, certain medications like oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, and autoimmune diseases like antiphospholipid syndrome.

Symptoms of a blood clot can vary depending on its location. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a clot in a deep vein, often presents with swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in the affected limb, usually the leg. A pulmonary embolism (PE), a clot that travels to the lungs, can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood, and rapid heart rate. Arterial clots can manifest as sudden numbness or weakness, confusion, severe headache, or vision problems.

Diagnosing trombofilia typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to identify specific clotting factors or genetic mutations. Treatment aims to prevent clot formation and manage existing clots. This often includes anticoagulant medications, also known as blood thinners, which help prevent blood from clotting. In some cases, lifestyle modifications and addressing underlying causes are also important.