trinitrotoluene

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an organic compound and one of the most widely used explosives. Its chemical formula is C7H5N3O6. It is a pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature and is classified as a secondary explosive with a relatively high energy yield.

TNT is produced industrially by nitration of toluene using mixed nitric and sulfuric acids, followed by purification of the crude product. The process yields crystalline TNT that is then stabilized and stored under appropriate conditions.

In terms of performance, TNT is relatively insensitive to impact and friction compared with many high explosives, but it detonates rapidly under sufficient initiation. Its detonation velocity is about 6,900 meters per second, and it has a melting point around 80°C.

Uses of TNT include its widespread deployment in munitions and as a component in plastic explosives and mining charges. It is commonly formulated with other energetic materials to adjust brisance, sensitivity, and stability.

Safety and regulation: TNT is toxic and can cause adverse health effects with prolonged exposure. It is persistent in the environment and subject to strict handling, storage, and transport controls in most countries.