trikloroetan

Trikloroetan, also known as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methyl chloroform, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C2H3Cl3. It is a colorless, volatile liquid that is largely immiscible with water and has a relatively low odor. Historically it has been used as a general-purpose solvent due to its good solvency for oils, waxes, resins, and greases, making it a common choice for degreasing metal parts and cleaning precision equipment.

Production and properties vary by region and era, but trikloroetan is typically produced by chlorination of ethane followed by purification and separation from other chlorinated solvents. It has been favored for its chemical stability and solvent power, which allowed it to replace some more hazardous solvents in industrial cleaning and manufacturing processes.

Uses and decline: Its use has declined significantly in many sectors because of environmental and health concerns. It was widely employed in metalworking, electronics cleaning, coatings preparation, and extraction applications. As regulations tightened, especially concerning ozone-depleting substances, many applications have shifted to alternative solvents or more sustainable processes.

Regulatory status and environmental impact: Under international agreements such as the Montreal Protocol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane has faced restrictions and phase-out schedules in numerous regions. Many countries have banned or severely restricted its production and use for most consumer and industrial applications, with exemptions limited to essential uses. It is managed as a hazardous substance in many national chemical inventories, and releases are subject to control and capture measures where possible.

Safety and handling: Exposure can affect the central nervous system and may cause dizziness or fatigue. It can irritate the eyes and skin and should be handled with appropriate ventilation, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment. Spills and emissions are managed as hazardous waste or air emissions, depending on local regulations.