trichoepitheliomas

Trichoepitheliomas are benign (non-cancerous) skin tumors that arise from the hair follicle. They typically appear as small, flesh-colored or yellowish papules, often on the face, particularly around the nose and cheeks, but can also occur on the scalp, neck, and chest. These tumors are generally smooth and dome-shaped, and can sometimes have a waxy appearance.

There are two main types of trichoepitheliomas: solitary and multiple. Solitary trichoepitheliomas occur as a single lesion, while multiple trichoepitheliomas are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, meaning only one copy of the altered gene is needed to cause the condition. Multiple trichoepitheliomas are often associated with other skin conditions and can be part of genetic syndromes.

The cause of solitary trichoepitheliomas is not fully understood, but they are thought to result from a mutation in a specific gene that plays a role in hair follicle development. Multiple trichoepitheliomas are caused by inherited mutations in the same gene. Diagnosis is usually made by a physical examination and confirmed with a skin biopsy. Treatment is generally not necessary unless the lesions are causing cosmetic concern or discomfort, in which case they can be surgically removed. Trichoepitheliomas do not spread to other parts of the body and are not life-threatening.