transkraniální

Transkraniální refers to anything that passes through or is performed through the skull. This term is most commonly encountered in medical contexts, particularly in neurosurgery and neurology. Transkraniální procedures often involve accessing the brain or its surrounding structures by making an opening in the cranium. These procedures can be diagnostic or therapeutic.

One prominent example is transkraniální Doppler (TCD) sonography, a non-invasive ultrasound technique used to assess blood flow in the major arteries of the brain. This can help detect conditions like stenosis or emboli. Another significant application is transkraniální magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique. TMS uses magnetic pulses to stimulate specific areas of the brain, and it is used in the treatment of conditions such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and migraines.

Surgical interventions requiring access to the brain, such as tumor removal or aneurysm clipping, are also often described as transkraniální approaches. The specific type of transkraniální surgery depends on the location and nature of the pathology. The term emphasizes the route of access, distinguishing it from other methods of reaching brain structures.