transaxleincluding

A transaxle is a single drivetrain assembly that combines the transmission and the differential (final drive) into one integrated unit. By housing both functions together, a transaxle can shorten the drivetrain and facilitate transverse engine layouts, contributing to compact packaging and balanced weight distribution in the vehicle.

Construction and layouts vary, but most transaxles include a gear train for multiple speeds, a clutch or coupling, and a differential that distributes power to the driven wheels. In front-wheel-drive cars, the transaxle is typically mounted at the front, with the engine and transaxle sharing a common housing and the final drive feeding the front wheels. In mid- or rear-engine configurations, the transaxle is positioned between the engine and the rear axle to optimize weight distribution and handling.

Types of transaxles include manual transaxles, which use a traditional clutch and gearset; automatic transaxles, which employ planetary gear sets or torque-converter-based designs; and dual-clutch transaxles, which provide rapid, seamless shifting. Modern hybrids and performance vehicles may use hybrid or electric transaxles that integrate electric motors and provide additional gear reduction or torque control.

Advantages of transaxles include compact packaging, reduced drivetrain length, and improved weight distribution, which can enhance interior space and handling. Disadvantages can involve higher cost, more complex cooling and lubrication needs, and specialized repair requirements for maintenance or replacement.

Applications are common in front-wheel-drive passenger cars, as well as mid-engine and rear-engine sports cars and some racing vehicles, where integrated transmission and differential packaging supports specific chassis layouts and performance goals.