traffico

Traffico (traffic) is the movement of people and goods within a system, usually on roads but also in air, sea, rail, and digital networks. In everyday language it also denotes congestion and the regulation of transport activity. In planning and engineering, traffico refers to the study and management of traffic characteristics to improve safety, efficiency, and accessibility.

Road traffic is the dominant component in most cities. It is affected by demand, road capacity, incidents, weather, and policy choices. Other domains include rail traffic, air traffic, and maritime traffic, as well as data traffic in telecommunications and computer networks.

Traffic performance is quantified by measures such as volume, average speed, and density. The fundamental relationship, often expressed as flow equals speed times density, supports capacity analysis and signal optimization. Data come from counts, loops, cameras, GPS, and probes.

Management strategies include geometric design, traffic signals, roundabouts, speed limits, and congestion management. Modern systems rely on intelligent transport solutions, real-time information, and demand-management policies to improve safety and reduce travel times.

Safety and environmental goals influence traffico policy. Efforts focus on reducing crashes, emissions, and noise, while expanding sustainable options such as public transit, cycling, and walking, and promoting electrification and cleaner fuels.

Standards and laws differ by jurisdiction. International conventions address road signs and signals, while local regulations govern enforcement. Data privacy and cybersecurity are increasingly important in monitoring and managing traffico in smart cities.