tracheotomy

A tracheotomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening through the neck into the trachea, commonly known as the windpipe. This opening, called a stoma, allows air to enter the lungs directly, bypassing any obstruction in the upper airway. The procedure is typically performed when a person is unable to breathe effectively due to a blockage in the nose, mouth, or throat, or if they require long-term mechanical ventilation.

The reasons for needing a tracheotomy are varied. They can include severe facial or neck trauma, tumors in the head and neck region, certain neurological conditions that impair breathing, or as a result of prolonged intubation. In some cases, it is a life-saving intervention.

The tracheotomy tube, a curved plastic or metal tube, is inserted into the stoma to keep it open and facilitate breathing. This tube may be connected to a ventilator or worn without one, depending on the individual's needs. The patient will require regular care of the tracheostomy site, including cleaning and suctioning to remove mucus. While a tracheotomy provides a crucial airway, it can also affect speech, swallowing, and the sense of smell. The duration for which a tracheotomy is needed can range from a few days to a lifetime, with eventual decannulation (removal of the tube) being possible if the underlying condition resolves.