tormentil

Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) is a low-growing perennial herb in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to temperate Europe and parts of Asia. It is commonly called common tormentil or erect cinquefoil. The plant typically reaches 10–25 cm in height and is characterized by a short, thick, brown rhizome, pinnate leaves with three leaflets, and distinctive small yellow flowers with four petals and eight stamens. Flowering usually occurs from late spring to late summer.

Tormentil grows on acidic, well-drained soils and is frequent on heaths, moorlands, grasslands and open woodland margins. It reproduces by seed and vegetative spread from its rhizomes and is not generally considered threatened across its range.

The rhizome contains a high proportion of tannins and other phenolic compounds, which have led to long-standing traditional uses. Extracts have been applied externally as an astringent for minor skin and mouth ailments and used internally in folk remedies for mild gastrointestinal complaints. Tormentil has also been used historically as a source of brown-red dye. Contemporary interest centers on its phytochemistry and potential topical applications, though clinical evidence is limited and professional advice is recommended before therapeutic use.

Taxonomically, Potentilla erecta is one of many species in the Potentilla genus; it is distinguished by its erect habit and four-petaled flowers. Common vernacular names and uses vary regionally.