toleranssirajat

In Finnish usage, toleranssirajat refers to the permissible variations of a property from a nominal value or target. In engineering and manufacturing, toleranssirajat describe how much a dimension, performance parameter or material property may vary while still meeting requirements. The toleranssirajat are defined by upper and lower limits, together with a stated nominal value, and are often depicted on technical drawings as tolerances.

In mechanical engineering, toleranssirajat can be unilateral (one-sided) or bilateral (two-sided). The tolerance zone is the allowable interval around the nominal size. Toleranssirajat influence fit, function and interchangeability, and they interact with production capabilities and measurement accuracy. Geometrical tolerances describe form, orientation, location and runout using standards such as GD&T.

In biology and ecology, toleranssirajat describe the range of environmental conditions within which an organism can survive, grow and reproduce. This tolerance range includes optimal conditions and margins beyond which performance declines or mortality increases. It is important for ecology, agriculture and environmental risk assessment.

Determination of toleranssirajat combines functional requirements, material properties, manufacturing processes, measurement capabilities and safety factors. Standards and specifications—such as industry drawings or ecological benchmarks—define the acceptable limits. Accurate tolerance specification is essential for quality control, cost management and safety.