toksit

Toksit is a term used in many languages to refer to a substance that can cause harm to living organisms. In toxicology, a toxin (toksit) is a poisonous substance that typically originates from living organisms, such as bacteria, plants, or animals. The word is also used more broadly to describe chemical toxicants—substances not produced by organisms but capable of causing toxic effects.

Toxins act through specific biological targets and mechanisms, such as inhibiting enzymes, disrupting cell membranes, blocking nerve transmission, or causing oxidative damage. Potency varies widely; a small amount can be dangerous for one organism but harmless for another, depending on the exposure route and duration. Common examples include botulinum toxin, ricin, and various fungal or algal toxins like aflatoxins and saxitoxin, as well as venoms.

Risk assessment considers dose, exposure route (ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact), frequency, and duration. LD50 is a traditional measure of acute toxicity, while NOAEL and LOAEL are used in longer-term risk assessments. Environmental and occupational exposure limits help prevent harm.

Some toxins have therapeutic or research applications when used under strict controls, such as purified botulinum toxin in medicine. Education, labeling, proper storage, and safety protocols help prevent accidental poisonings. Regulatory frameworks govern handling, reporting, and remediation in cases of exposure to toksit.