tocze

Tocze is a Polish verb form that appears as the first-person singular present tense of the verb toczyć. In standard spelling the form is tocę, but in plain ASCII text it is often written as tocze. The verb toczyć has several related meanings and uses in Polish.

Common senses include: to grind or sharpen, typically with a grinding wheel or whetstone; to roll or turn something by rotating it; to wage or carry out a war, campaign, or dispute (for example, toczyć wojnę or toczyć spór); and to proceed or unfold, especially when referring to events or processes (for instance, sprawa toczy się w sądzie, meaning the case is progressing in court).

Usage notes: toczyć is an imperfective verb, used for ongoing or habitual actions. The present tense forms include: ja toczę, ty toczysz, on/ona toczy, my toczymy, wy toczycie, oni toczą. The reflexive form toczy się is common when describing ongoing processes or events, as in “Sprawa toczy się,” meaning it is currently taking place or moving forward.

Etymology and relatives: toczyć derives from a common Slavic root related to turning or moving in a circular motion, with cognates in other Slavic languages such as Russian точить (tochít’), meaning to sharpen or grind.

Tocze, as a diacritic-free variant, should be distinguished from other words that may look similar in non-diacritic texts; the diacritic version toczę is unambiguous in proper Polish orthography.