tkaná

Tkané is a Czech term describing fabrics produced by weaving. Weaving interlaces yarns at right angles, with the warp running lengthwise and the weft crossing it. The process yields a woven fabric, whose structure is defined by the arrangement of warp and weft and by the size and character of the yarns used.

Weave structures vary: plain weave (over-under), twill (diagonal lines), and satin (long warp or weft floats). The choice of structure, together with fiber content, determines fabric strength, weight, texture, and drape. Fabrics are made from natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen; synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon; or blends. Finishes such as dyeing, printing, mercerization, or calendaring modify appearance and performance.

Historically weaving is ancient, with evidence from diverse cultures. The advent of powered looms during the Industrial Revolution enabled rapid, large-scale production of woven textiles. Today weaving remains essential for clothing, home textiles, upholstery, and many technical or specialty fabrics.

Care and properties: woven fabrics typically offer good dimensional stability and a defined surface, but their stretch and hand vary with fiber and weave. Care instructions depend on fiber content and finishes; some fabrics are machine washable, others require dry cleaning. Finishings may affect shrinkage, colorfastness, and resistance to abrasion.