tilltalades

Tilltalades is the Swedish past passive form of the verb tilltala, meaning to address or speak to someone. It denotes a situation where the person or group is the recipient of speech, rather than the speaker. In passive clauses the agent who addresses can be expressed with av, as in han tilltalades av ordföranden (he was addressed by the chairman).

Usage and nuances: The form is most common in written or formal contexts and in historical narration. In everyday speech, speakers often use active constructions such as någon tilltalade henne instead of the passive. When the agent is mentioned, it is typically introduced with av, for example av talmannen or av myndigheterna.

Etymology and related forms: Tilltala combines till- (toward) with tala (to speak). The verb has cognates in other Scandinavian languages, such as Danish tiltalte and Norwegian tiltalte, reflecting a common Germanic root for “addressing” or “speaking to.” The related adjective tilltalad means “addressed,” and the past participle can appear in perfect constructions with har blivit tilltalad.

See also: tilltala, tilltalande, tilltalad.

Notes: Tilltalades functions as a finite verb in the past tense passive. Its usage highlights interaction where one party directs speech toward another, with the agent of addressing often specified by av + agent.