tiap

Tiap is a common determiner in Indonesian and Malay that means "each" or "every." It is used before a noun to express distributive reference, most often in informal speech and writing. In formal contexts, the synonym "setiap" is usually preferred, but "tiap" remains widely used in everyday language and media. The emphatic form "tiap-tiap" is used to stress inclusiveness within a group, roughly translating to "each and every" or "all the individual members."

Tiap is a native Austronesian word long attested in Indonesian and Malay varieties. It is considered less formal than "setiap" and shows regional and stylistic variation in usage. Typically, tiap accompanies time expressions and nouns, as in "tiap hari" (every day) or "tiap orang" (each person). It can be used with non-count nouns and plural groups, but functions as a determiner and does not stand alone as a pronoun. In narrative or dialogue, "tiap" is common, while "setiap" may appear in more formal narration.

Compared with "setiap," "tiap" tends to be more colloquial and regionally variable, though both forms are widely understood. "Tiap-tiap" adds emphasis and is common when referring to the members of a group collectively. See also Indonesian language, Malay language, and distributive determiners such as "setiap" and "tiap-tiap" for nuance and usage guidance.