setiap

Setiap is a determiner and adverb in the Indonesian language that translates to “each” or “every.” It is used to refer to all members of a group or all instances of a thing, typically with a singular noun phrase following it. The word conveys a distributive meaning, indicating that something applies to all members individually. It is common in both spoken and written Indonesian and can function as a pre-nominal modifier in main clauses and in subordinate clauses.

Examples include: “Setiap hari dia bangun pagi.” “Setiap orang memiliki haknya.” “Setiap kali ada kesempatan, dia mencoba lagi.” The noun that follows “setiap” is usually in a singular sense, even when it denotes a group or set; Indonesian grammar does not mark plural on the verb, so context clarifies quantity.

Etymology and related terms: Setiap is native to Malay-Indonesian languages, and its precise historical origin is not well documented. It is closely related to the words “tiap” and “masing-masing.” While all three convey distributive meaning, “setiap” tends to be more formal, “tiap” more colloquial or regional, and “masing-masing” emphasizes individuality within a group. In usage, these terms can be interchangeable in many contexts, but choosing among them can affect register and nuance.