thioleneklikreacties

Thiol-ene click reactions represent a class of highly efficient and versatile chemical reactions that form a carbon-sulfur bond. These reactions are characterized by their reliability, high yields, and tolerance to a wide range of functional groups, making them attractive for applications in materials science, polymer chemistry, and bioconjugation. The core of a thiol-ene click reaction involves the addition of a thiol (a compound containing an -SH group) to an alkene (a compound containing a carbon-carbon double bond). This addition can be initiated by various methods, most commonly through radical or nucleophilic pathways.

Radical-mediated thiol-ene reactions are particularly prevalent. These typically proceed via a chain mechanism initiated by UV light, heat, or a radical initiator. The thiol first abstracts a hydrogen atom, generating a thiyl radical. This radical then adds to the alkene, forming a carbon-centered radical. This radical then abstracts a hydrogen atom from another thiol molecule, propagating the chain and forming the desired thioether linkage. Photoredox catalysis has also emerged as a powerful tool for initiating thiol-ene reactions under mild conditions.

Nucleophilic thiol-ene reactions, often referred to as Michael-type additions, involve the attack of a thiolate anion on an electron-deficient alkene, such as an acrylate or maleimide. These reactions are typically base-catalyzed. The unique advantages of thiol-ene click reactions, including their orthogonality to many other functional groups and their ability to proceed in the presence of water and air, contribute to their widespread adoption in diverse chemical synthesis and modification strategies.