thermalmoisture

Thermalmoisture is a multidisciplinary concept describing the coupled transport of heat and moisture in materials and systems. It encompasses how temperature fields influence moisture movement and how moisture content, in turn, alters thermal properties such as conductivity, heat capacity, and phase-change behavior. The term is often used interchangeably with hygrothermal analysis in building science and materials engineering.

Key processes include conductive heat transfer (steady or transient), diffusion of water vapor driven by humidity gradients, convection at boundaries, capillary liquid transport in porous media, and phase-change phenomena such as evaporation, condensation, and adsorption/desorption on pore surfaces. Temperature elevates vapor pressure and can increase diffusivity, while moisture reduces thermal resistance or can cause swelling, cracking, or other moisture-induced damage.

Modeling approaches couple energy balance with moisture transport equations. Common frameworks include the heat equation with moisture terms, moisture diffusion (Fickian or more general) multiplied by temperature-dependent coefficients, and dual-porosity or moisture storage models. Experimental methods include transient hygrothermal tests, gravimetric sorption, and sensors for temperature and relative humidity embedded in materials. Validation requires careful boundary conditions for ambient humidity, temperature, and moisture sources.

Applications span building envelopes and timber construction, textiles and apparel, soil and geotechnical systems, electronics packaging, and food processing. Understanding thermalmoisture is important for energy efficiency, structural durability, comfort, and product quality. Ongoing research emphasizes nonlinear couplings, anisotropy, and the development of standardized hygrothermal properties databases.