theodólít

Theodolite is a precision optical instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It is essential in surveying, engineering, and construction for determining the position of points, establishing lines and grades, and mapping terrain. A theodolite consists of a telescope mounted on a horizontal axis and a vertical axis, with graduated circles that allow for precise angle readings.

The instrument is typically mounted on a tripod for stability. The surveyor aligns the telescope with a target point, then reads the angle on the horizontal circle. The telescope can then be rotated vertically, and the angle to another target is measured on the vertical circle. Modern electronic theodolites, also known as total stations, incorporate these angle-measuring capabilities with distance measurement technology and onboard computers, significantly streamlining data collection and processing.

The accuracy of a theodolite is determined by its design, magnification, and the precision of its graduated circles. These instruments have been fundamental to land surveying for centuries, enabling the accurate mapping and construction of infrastructure projects worldwide. While GPS technology has become prevalent, theodolites remain indispensable for specific applications requiring high precision and where satellite reception may be unreliable. The understanding and use of a theodolite require specialized training in surveying principles and instrument operation.