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Weight change refers to any alteration in a person's body mass over time. This can be an increase in weight, a decrease in weight, or fluctuations between the two. Weight change is a common physiological phenomenon influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Energy balance is a primary driver; when the calories consumed exceed the calories expended, weight gain typically occurs. Conversely, when energy expenditure surpasses intake, weight loss results.

Dietary habits play a significant role, as the types and quantities of food consumed directly impact calorie intake. Physical activity levels are also crucial, as exercise increases calorie expenditure. Beyond these lifestyle factors, various other elements can contribute to weight change. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those associated with thyroid function or menopause, can influence metabolism and body composition. Certain medical conditions, like diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome, can also affect weight. Furthermore, some medications have side effects that include weight gain or loss. Genetics can predispose individuals to certain body types and metabolic rates, indirectly influencing their susceptibility to weight change. Age also plays a part, as metabolism tends to slow down with age. Psychological factors, including stress and emotional eating, can also trigger changes in eating patterns and subsequent weight alterations. Understanding these multifaceted influences is key to managing and addressing weight changes.