terugopname
Terugopname is a Dutch term meaning the act of taking something back or reclaiming; in scientific contexts it is used to refer to the process of reuptake, the removal of a substance from the extracellular space into cells or compartments after its release. In neuroscience and pharmacology, terugopname most often refers to neurotransmitter reuptake. After neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine are released into the synaptic cleft to propagate a signal, they are transported back into the presynaptic neuron (and sometimes nearby glial cells) by specific transporter proteins (for serotonin SERT, for norepinephrine NET, for dopamine DAT). This reuptake terminates the signal and recycles the transmitter. The efficiency and rate of terugopname influence synaptic signaling and plasticity. Pharmacological drugs may modulate this process; inhibitors of the transporters—selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)—increase extracellular neurotransmitter levels and are used to treat depression and anxiety. Cocaine and certain amphetamines block reuptake, elevating transmitter concentrations in the cleft.
In other contexts, terugopname can refer more generally to the recovery or reclaiming of substances or materials,