terramining
Terramining is the practice of extracting minerals and energy resources from the solid land of the Earth, encompassing traditional surface and underground mining as well as newer methods designed for land-based deposits. It is distinguished from offshore, subsea, or extraterrestrial mining and from habitat- or soil-restoration projects that do not involve resource extraction.
Techniques used in terramining range from conventional open-pit and underground mining to progressive methods such as
Environmental and social considerations are central to modern terramining. Potential impacts include landscape alteration, habitat loss,
Trends include growing emphasis on sustainable mine design, circular economy approaches for material recovery, and the
See also: mining, mineral resources, land reclamation, environmental impact assessment, in-situ mining.