termoelektronisk

Thermoelektronisk refers to phenomena and devices related to the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, and vice versa, through the use of thermoelectric materials. This process relies on the Seebeck effect, where a temperature difference across a thermoelectric material generates an electric voltage, and the Peltier effect, where an electric current passing through a thermoelectric junction causes heat to be absorbed or released.

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) utilize the Seebeck effect to produce electricity from waste heat, such as that emitted by engines, industrial processes, or even the human body. These devices can be employed in niche applications where conventional power sources are impractical, like remote sensing equipment or thermoelectric coolers for small electronic components. The efficiency of TEGs is generally lower compared to other energy conversion methods, but their solid-state nature, lack of moving parts, and long lifespan make them attractive for specific uses.

Thermoelectric coolers (TECs), also known as Peltier modules, operate on the Peltier effect. By applying a voltage across the module, one side becomes cold while the other becomes hot, allowing for cooling without refrigerants. TECs are commonly found in portable refrigerators, small-scale refrigeration systems, and cooling solutions for lasers and microprocessors where precise temperature control is required. Research continues to focus on developing new thermoelectric materials with improved efficiency and broader operating temperature ranges to expand the applicability of thermoelectric technology.