terdiri

Terdiri is an Indonesian verb meaning “to be composed of” or “to consist of.” It is used to describe the makeup or components of something, indicating what parts or elements make up a whole. The construction often foregrounds the relationship between a subject and its constituents, rather than describing an action carried out by an agent.

Grammatical use and construction: The common pattern is subject + terdiri dari + [component 1], [component 2], ... This form is typically used for tangible and abstract things alike, such as places, groups, documents, or foods. For example, “Kota itu terdiri dari tiga distrik” (The city consists of three districts) and “Laporan tersebut terdiri dari pendahuluan, isi, dan penutup” (The report consists of an introduction, main body, and conclusion). The sense is descriptive and static, not action-oriented.

Etymology and nuances: Terdiri is derived from the root diri with the prefix ter-, which conveys a state or condition resulting from a formation process. The word is primarily formal in tone and common in written Indonesian as well as in speech when detailing the makeup of something.

Related usage notes: Terdiri is often contrasted with verbs that express existence or location, such as terdapat (there exists) or berada (be located). It is also related to tersusun (assembled) and berisi (containing), but differs in focusing specifically on what elements constitute the whole rather than on arrangement or content alone.

Limitations: Not every object can be described as consisting of parts; some concepts are better expressed with alternative constructions. When listing components, ensure accuracy and avoid excessive enumeration beyond what is necessary for clarity.