tenosinovit

Tenosinovit, known in English as tenosynovitis, is inflammation of the synovial sheath that surrounds a tendon. This inflammation can restrict tendon movement and cause pain, swelling, and tenderness. The condition most commonly affects the hand and wrist but can involve other joints and locations.

Causes include overuse or repetitive movements, acute injury, and infection. Noninfectious tenosynovitis encompasses conditions such as de Quervain's tenosynovitis and stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger). Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis can predispose, as can metabolic disorders. Septic tenosynovitis is an emergency.

Symptoms vary by site but typically include joint or finger pain, swelling along the tendon sheath, limited range of motion, and tenderness with movement. In septic infection of the hand, fever and systemic signs may occur, and prompt evaluation is essential.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging. Ultrasound or MRI can reveal sheath thickening and surrounding fluid. Blood tests and cultures may be needed to identify infection.

Treatment depends on the cause. Noninfectious tenosynovitis is managed with rest, immobilization or splinting, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy; corticosteroid injections may relieve stenosing forms. Septic tenosynovitis requires antibiotics and often surgical drainage.

Prognosis is generally favorable with timely treatment for noninfectious cases. Chronic or recurrent tenosynovitis may require ongoing management. Prevention focuses on minimizing repetitive strain, using proper technique during activity, and controlling underlying inflammatory diseases.