tazaroten

Tazaroten, more commonly written as tazarotene, is a synthetic retinoid for topical dermatologic use. It exerts its effects by binding retinoic acid receptors in skin cells, influencing gene expression and promoting normalized keratinocyte differentiation and anti-inflammatory activity.

Medical uses include treatment of acne vulgaris in patients typically 12 years and older, and plaque psoriasis. In some regions, tazarotene is also approved for management of signs of photodamage or aging of the skin. It may be used alone or as part of combination therapy, depending on the condition being treated and local guidelines.

Mechanistically, tazarotene normalizes epidermal differentiation, reduces hyperkeratosis, and modulates inflammatory pathways involved in acne and psoriasis. After topical application, it is largely active locally with limited systemic absorption, which helps minimize systemic adverse effects compared with oral retinoids.

Formulations and administration vary by market, but tazarotene is commonly available as a topical gel or cream in strengths around 0.05% and 0.1%. It is typically applied once daily at night to affected areas, with gradual improvement over several weeks. Patients are advised to use sun protection, and to avoid application on broken skin or near the eyes, lips, and mucous membranes.

Safety and pregnancy considerations are central to tazarotene use. It can cause local irritation, redness, peeling, and dryness, and may increase photosensitivity. It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to teratogenic risk. Women of childbearing potential should follow contraception recommendations, and users should monitor for excessive irritation or allergic reactions.