tarantula

Tarantula is a common name for large, hairy spiders in the family Theraphosidae. In scientific terms, tarantulas are diverse spiders found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. They range from a few centimeters to large species whose leg spans exceed 20 to 25 centimeters. The goliath birdeater (Theraphosa blondi) is among the largest, but many species remain much smaller.

Tarantulas are typically ground-dwelling or arboreal and are usually nocturnal. Most build silk-lined burrows or retreats in natural crevices, while others live in trees or under debris. They are opportunistic predators, feeding on insects, other spiders, and small vertebrates when available. They grow by molting and rely on camouflage and patience to avoid predators.

Defense and venom vary among species. New World tarantulas (primarily the Americas) often possess urticating hairs on the abdomen that can be shed to irritate predators. Old World tarantulas (Africa, Asia, parts of Europe and the Middle East) generally lack these hairs and may rely more on powerful venom and defensive displays. Bites to humans are uncommon and typically cause mild to moderate local symptoms; serious systemic effects are rare in healthy individuals.

Reproduction involves courtship that leads to sexual reproduction. Females lay eggs in silk sacs and may guard them; juveniles emerge after several weeks and molt through multiple instars before reaching maturity. Tarantulas are popular in captivity, where care emphasizes appropriate temperature, humidity, hiding spaces, and minimal handling.