tannholdssjúkdómum

Tannholdssjúkdómur, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It is a common condition, often starting as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of the disease.

The primary cause of tannholdssjúkdómur is bacteria in plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on teeth. When plaque is not removed effectively through regular brushing and flossing, it can irritate the gums. Over time, the gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily. In the more advanced stage, periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that can become infected. The body's immune response to the infection, combined with toxins produced by the bacteria, can break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.

Symptoms of tannholdssjúkdómur can include persistent bad breath, red or swollen gums, bleeding gums during brushing or flossing, loose teeth, and changes in the way teeth fit together when biting. Receding gums, where the gum line appears to move down, exposing more of the tooth, is also a common sign.

Risk factors for developing tannholdssjúkdómur include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further damage. Treatment typically involves professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, along with improved home care. In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or bone.