talv

Talv is the Estonian word for winter, the coldest season of the year in Estonia and the wider Baltic region. It is closely related to the Finnish talvi; both terms derive from Proto-Finnic roots.

In common usage, meteorological winter in Estonia is December–February, while astronomical winter runs roughly from the solstice to the equinox. Cold spells may begin as early as November and extend into March or April.

Estonian winters are characterized by snow cover, frosty nights, and relatively short days. Coastal areas tend to be milder than the interior; average January temperatures are around -2 to -5°C at the coast and lower inland, with occasional extremes well below freezing. Snow often persists for weeks, contributing to winter scenery and affecting transport and daily life.

Winter activities include ice skating on lakes, cross-country skiing, and sledding. Heating, insulation, and winter clothing are essential, and saunas remain a common feature of domestic life in winter. Winter festivals, Christmas markets, and New Year celebrations are part of the season's cultural calendar.

Ecologically, winter slows vegetation growth and alters animal behavior, while economically, cold weather influences energy demand and transportation planning.