tabac

Tabac, or tobacco, refers to the dried leaves of Nicotiana species, primarily Nicotiana tabacum, used for smoking, chewing. It is a major agricultural product and a commodity with a long global history. The term tabac most commonly appears in French and several other languages; etymology traces to Taíno tabaco, though the exact origin is debated.

The tobacco plant is a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is native to the Americas and is cultivated in warm, frost-free regions. Leaves accumulate nicotine, an alkaloid that acts as a potent stimulant and insect deterrent. After harvest, leaves are cured by air, flue, or fire-curing, followed by fermentation and aging to develop flavor and reduce harshness.

Products derived from tabac include cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, and snus, as well as nicotine products. Processing steps vary: curing, fermentation, blending, and flavoring create diverse tobaccos for different markets.

Historically, tobacco spread from the Americas to Europe in the 16th century and subsequently worldwide, becoming a major economic crop and cultural commodity. Today, production and consumption are shaped by health concerns and regulatory measures. Nicotine is highly addictive, and tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable disease and death, including cancers of the lung and other organs, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. Governments regulate sales, advertising, and packaging, and many countries impose taxes and warnings.

Top tobacco producers include China, India, Brazil, and the United States, with cultivation also in other regions. Innovations continue in breeding, curing technologies, and nicotine delivery alternatives, reflecting ongoing debates about public health and industry economics.