tabaco

Tabaco, commonly referred to as tobacco, designates the leaves of several Nicotiana species, chiefly Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, which are cured and processed for use in cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless products. The principal alkaloid is nicotine, a stimulant that can cause dependence and contribute to various health risks. Tobacco has a long history of cultivation and use, transforming from a ceremonial plant in the Americas to a globally traded agricultural commodity.

Cultivation and processing: Tobacco is grown in warm climates with long growing seasons and well-drained soils. Leaves are harvested at different stages of maturity and cured by air, fire, flue, or sun methods to develop flavor, aroma, and color. After curing, leaves may be fermented and aged to stabilize flavors. Tobaccos are blended to achieve specific nicotine levels, strength, and flavor profiles used in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and other products.

Health, regulation, and economy: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable disease and death, linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory illnesses. Nicotine dependence complicates cessation efforts. Public health measures include health warnings, advertising restrictions, taxation, smoke-free laws, and age limits for purchases. Global production is concentrated in a few countries, with major producers including China, Brazil, India, and the United States. The industry is affected by international frameworks such as the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which aims to reduce consumption and exposure to tobacco. Farmers and communities may face economic and regulatory pressures, including diversification away from tobacco in some regions.