süstimine

Süstimine is a medical procedure for delivering substances into the body using a syringe or similar device and a needle or catheter. It encompasses a range of techniques chosen according to the substance, desired effect, and clinical context.

Common routes include intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID), and intravenous (IV) administration. There are also specialized methods such as intrathecal or epidural injections, intra-articular injections, and other directed routes. Süstimine is used for medicines, vaccines, hormones, analgesics, antibiotics, and vaccines, as well as for certain diagnostic agents or fluids.

Equipment and technique involve sterile syringes and needles, appropriate needle gauge, medication vials or ampoules, and antiseptic preparation. Safety devices and proper disposal of sharps are important. Procedures rely on aseptic technique, correct dosing, and appropriate storage and handling of medications.

Safety and risks include infection at the injection site, allergic reactions, nerve or tissue damage, bleeding, and dosing errors. Proper patient assessment, monitoring for adverse effects, and adherence to guidelines reduce risk. Injections should generally be performed by trained health professionals, though some medications are self-administered under medical guidance (for example, insulin in diabetes).

History and regulation: the development of hypodermic syringes in the 19th century by inventors such as Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood, followed by advances in sterilization and aseptic practice, shaped modern injection techniques. Regulatory frameworks govern who may administer injections, required training, and safe handling of materials.

In summary, süstimine is a broad term for injecting substances into the body, performed through various routes for therapeutic, diagnostic, or immunization purposes, with emphasis on safety, accuracy, and proper technique.