säteilyvyöhyke

A säteilyvyöhyke, which translates to radiation belt or Van Allen belt, is a torus-shaped region around a planet that is composed of energetic charged particles trapped by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two main radiation belts, known as the inner belt and the outer belt. These belts are primarily composed of electrons and protons, but also contain heavier ions like oxygen and helium.

The inner radiation belt, located closer to Earth, is more stable and contains high-energy protons and electrons. The outer radiation belt, further out, is more dynamic and experiences significant variations in intensity and shape depending on solar activity. These particles originate from cosmic rays and solar wind.

The radiation within these belts can pose a hazard to satellites, spacecraft, and astronauts. Spacecraft passing through these regions often require shielding to protect their electronics and occupants. Understanding the dynamics of these radiation belts is crucial for space exploration and the design of space missions. The presence and behavior of radiation belts are not unique to Earth; other planets with significant magnetic fields, such as Jupiter and Saturn, also possess their own radiation belts, which are often much more intense than Earth's.