säteilyhaittojen

Säteilyhaittojen is a Finnish term that translates to "radiation hazards" or "radiation harm." It refers to the adverse effects that can result from exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and alpha and beta particles, has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms and molecules, which can damage biological tissues.

The risks associated with radiation exposure depend on several factors, including the dose of radiation received, the type of radiation, the duration of exposure, and the part of the body exposed. Acute exposure to high doses of radiation can lead to deterministic effects, which are health problems that occur relatively soon after exposure and have a threshold dose. Examples include radiation sickness, skin burns, and hair loss.

Chronic exposure to lower doses of radiation can increase the risk of stochastic effects, which are health problems that do not have a threshold dose and occur randomly. The most well-known stochastic effect is cancer. Radiation can damage DNA, leading to mutations that can eventually develop into cancerous tumors. Other stochastic effects include genetic mutations and developmental problems in children exposed in utero.

Radiation protection measures are in place to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation. These include time, distance, and shielding. Limiting the time spent near a radiation source, increasing the distance from it, and using appropriate shielding materials can significantly reduce the dose received. In medical settings, radiation is used for diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment, but exposure is carefully controlled and kept as low as reasonably achievable. Nuclear power plants also employ stringent safety protocols to prevent radiation releases.