szájszáradás

Szájszáradás, medically known as xerostomia, is a condition characterized by a persistent lack of saliva in the mouth. Saliva plays a crucial role in oral health, aiding in digestion, lubricating the mouth for speech and swallowing, and protecting teeth from decay by neutralizing acids and washing away food particles. When saliva production is insufficient, individuals may experience a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

Common symptoms of dry mouth include a sticky or dry feeling in the mouth, a frequent urge to drink, difficulty chewing or swallowing dry foods, a sore or dry throat, hoarseness, and changes in taste. It can also lead to increased incidence of tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections like thrush. Bad breath is another frequent complaint associated with xerostomia.

The causes of dry mouth are numerous and can be broadly categorized. Medications are a very common culprit, with hundreds of prescription and over-the-counter drugs listing dry mouth as a side effect. These include antihistamines, decongestants, pain relievers, diuretics, and antidepressants. Medical treatments such as radiation therapy to the head and neck, and chemotherapy, can also damage salivary glands. Certain medical conditions, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and Parkinson's disease, are also associated with dry mouth. Dehydration, nerve damage to the head or neck area, and lifestyle factors like smoking or alcohol consumption can also contribute to the condition.

Management of dry mouth typically involves addressing the underlying cause where possible. This may include adjusting medications, increasing fluid intake, chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free candies to stimulate saliva flow, or using artificial saliva products. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is paramount to prevent complications.