szakítóvizsgálat

A szakítóvizsgálat, or tensile testing, is a fundamental mechanical test used to determine a material's tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility. It involves applying a controlled pulling force to a standardized specimen until it fractures. The test is performed using a universal testing machine that precisely measures the applied load and the resulting elongation of the specimen. As the load increases, the material undergoes elastic deformation, meaning it returns to its original shape upon unloading. Beyond the elastic limit, plastic deformation occurs, which is permanent. The point at which the material can no longer withstand the increasing load is its ultimate tensile strength. Ductility is often measured by the percentage of elongation at fracture or the reduction in cross-sectional area. The results of a szakítóvizsgálat are crucial for material selection, quality control, and engineering design, providing essential data for predicting how a material will behave under tensile stress in real-world applications. Different material types, such as metals, polymers, and composites, are subjected to this testing to understand their mechanical properties.