szabadgyök

A szabadgyök, or free radical in English, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron. This unpaired electron makes free radicals highly reactive and unstable. They readily participate in chemical reactions to achieve a stable electron configuration, often by stealing an electron from another molecule.

Free radicals are generated through various processes, both natural and artificial. In biological systems, they are produced as byproducts of normal metabolic processes, such as cellular respiration. Exposure to environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation, pollution, and certain chemicals can also lead to the formation of free radicals.

While essential for some physiological functions, such as immune responses and cell signaling, an excessive accumulation of free radicals can be detrimental. This imbalance is known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can damage cellular components like DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to aging and the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

The body has natural defense mechanisms against free radicals in the form of antioxidants. Antioxidants are molecules that can safely neutralize free radicals by donating an electron without becoming unstable themselves. These antioxidants can be produced by the body or obtained from the diet through foods rich in vitamins C and E, as well as various plant compounds.