szívbillentyproblémák

Szívbillentyű problémák, or heart valve problems, refer to conditions where one or more of the heart's valves do not function correctly. The heart has four main valves: the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. These valves ensure blood flows in the correct direction through the heart and to the rest of the body. When they malfunction, blood flow can be disrupted, leading to various symptoms and complications.

There are two primary types of heart valve problems: stenosis and regurgitation. Stenosis occurs when a valve narrows or stiffens, obstructing blood flow. This forces the heart to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed opening. Regurgitation, also known as insufficiency or prolapse, happens when a valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the chamber it just left.

Common causes of heart valve problems include congenital defects (being born with valve abnormalities), rheumatic fever (a complication of strep throat), endocarditis (an infection of the heart valves), age-related wear and tear, and certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or coronary artery disease.

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and type of valve problem but may include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, swelling in the legs or abdomen, and irregular heartbeats. In some cases, particularly with mild problems, individuals may experience no noticeable symptoms for years. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope, and imaging tests like echocardiography. Treatment options range from regular monitoring for mild cases to medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications, and in more severe instances, surgical or transcatheter valve repair or replacement.