syntheticpolyester

Synthetic polyester, commonly referred to simply as polyester, is a family of polymers characterized by ester linkages in the main chain. The most widely produced member is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), but the term also covers polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and other polyesters derived from diols and dicarboxylic acids. Polyester is synthetically produced through condensation polymerization, typically by polycondensation of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid or by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol. The result is a versatile polymer that can be formed into fibers, films, or molded resins.

In textile applications, polyester fibers are strong, wear-resistant, and quick-drying, with relatively low moisture absorption. They are widely used in clothing, upholstery, and industrial fabrics. PET is also employed in beverage bottles and food packaging due to its clarity, barrier properties, and chemical resistance. Polyester resins are used in engineering plastics, coatings, and composites.

Historically, polyester was developed in the mid-20th century, with commercial introductions in the 1950s. It was marketed under various brand names such as Dacron and Terylene. The material is valued for durability and cost efficiency but raises environmental concerns because it is derived from fossil fuels and is not readily biodegradable. During washing, microfibers can shed and contribute to microplastic pollution. Recycling programs exist to mechanically recycle PET fibers and bottles, as well as chemical recycling processes that depolymerize PET to monomers for repolymerization.