syntez

Syntez is a term used to describe the process of combining distinct elements to form a new, more complex product or system. The root is widely connected to the Greek word sunthesis, meaning "placing together." In various languages, forms related to synthesis appear as syntez, synteza, or synthesis, and the term is used across science, engineering, and the arts with slightly different emphasis.

In chemistry, synthesis refers to assembling compounds from simpler starting materials, often through a sequence of reactions. It includes total synthesis, in which a complex target molecule is built from basic building blocks, and partial or convergent syntheses that combine pre-assembled fragments. Successful synthesis is judged by purity, yield, and structural confirmation through spectroscopic methods.

In biology and biochemistry, biosynthesis describes the production of complex molecules within living organisms. Metabolic pathways guide the assembly of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and smaller metabolites. Notable examples include photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria, steroid and amino acid biosynthesis, and polymerization processes.

In technology and the arts, synthesis describes the creation of new signals or artifacts by combining elements. Sound synthesis uses electronic oscillators, filters, and envelopes to produce audio signals. In computer science, synthetic methods generate data, models, or materials to study systems or to train algorithms.

Because synthesis involves transformation and integration, it is often accompanied by analysis, characterization, and optimization to achieve desired properties.