svovelatomets

Svovelatomets refers to the sulfur atom, the chemical element sulfur (symbol S, atomic number 16). It is a nonmetal in group 16, the chalcogens, of the periodic table. In its neutral state it has six valence electrons and commonly forms covalent bonds with other nonmetals and metals. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4.

Elemental sulfur at room temperature appears as a yellow crystalline solid. It exists primarily as S8 rings in stable elemental deposits, though other allotropes such as S6, S7, and polymeric forms can occur under different conditions. Sulfur vaporizes at high temperatures and can form diatomic S2 in the gas phase. It is insoluble in water but dissolves in some organic solvents.

Sulfur exhibits oxidation states from -2 to +6 and forms a wide range of compounds. Common classes include sulfides (for example FeS), sulfates (SO4^2−), sulfur dioxide SO2, and sulfuric acid H2SO4. The production and handling of sulfuric acid is a major industrial use of sulfur. Sulfur compounds are widespread in minerals and fossil fuels, and sulfur is typically obtained from underground deposits or as a byproduct of refining.

Biologically, sulfur is essential for life. It is a component of the amino acids cysteine and methionine and participates in several enzymes and vitamins. It also plays a role in the global sulfur cycle, linking geological and biological processes.

Naturally occurring sulfur has several stable isotopes, with 32S the most abundant. The isotopic composition is used in geochemistry and climate studies.