surfaceeffect
Surfaceeffect refers to phenomena that originate at or are enhanced by a boundary between two phases, typically where the surface-to-volume ratio is high. Surfaces break bulk symmetry and can have different chemical, physical, and mechanical properties.
In materials science and physics, surface effects include surface energy and surface stress, influencing adhesion, fracture,
Electronic and optical surface effects include surface states that modify electronic structure and interface phenomena that
In chemistry, adsorption and surface reactions drive heterogeneous catalysis and wetting phenomena described by contact angles
In mechanics and acoustics, surface elasticity and surface stress introduce additional boundary conditions, and surface waves
In fluids, surface tension governs capillary rise, droplets, foams, and interfacial phenomena.
Research on surfaceeffect combines experimental characterization and theoretical modeling to inform applications in materials engineering, catalysis,